Ever found yourself staring at an art studio display and wondered, “What is a wooden art figure called?” I’ve been there. These curious, jointed mannequins, often positioned in dramatic or even awkward stances, serve a distinct purpose in the art world. They do more than just stand around looking vaguely interesting—they are called wooden art mannequins or, more formally, artist’s mannequins.
What Is a Wooden Art Figure?
Before we get into the nitty-gritty, let’s clarify what we’re talking about here. A wooden art figure is a jointed model, generally human-shaped, made primarily out of wood. These models can be manipulated into various poses and are used by artists as references for drawing, painting, and sculpting. They might look like a cross between a puppet and a skeleton, but don’t let their odd appearance fool you—they’re invaluable tools for the art industry.
Origin and History
You might think these little wooden friends are a modern invention. Not so much. Artists have used anatomical mannequins for centuries. During the Renaissance, artists like Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo relied on wooden figures and skulls to better understand human anatomy for their artwork. Back then, artists didn’t have access to high-res photos or 3D modeling software to help them study human forms. Instead, they leaned heavily on these mannequins to get their proportions just right. It’s pretty fascinating to consider that a tool used hundreds of years ago is still prevalent in studios today.
Different Types of Wooden Art Figures
Not all wooden art figures are created equal. There are various types out there, each one catering to different artistic needs. Let’s break down the options.
Human Mannequins
These are the most common type, resembling the human form with articulated joints. They’re often found in art classrooms and studios, providing a basic reference for artists looking to get their human proportions right.
Hand Mannequins
A wooden hand mannequin focuses on one of the most complex parts of human anatomy. Artists who want to perfect the details of hands—something notoriously difficult to draw and paint—use these specialized models.
Animal Mannequins
Artists don’t just draw humans, you know. Sometimes, an artist needs a strong pose of a cat, dog, or horse. Animal mannequins come to the rescue, allowing for more accurate animal portraits.
Hybrid Models
These curious contraptions combine attributes from multiple figures. You could find a human mannequin with detachable, detailed hand models, offering both general and specific anatomical references.
Table: Types of Wooden Art Figures
| Type | Description | Common Use |
|---|---|---|
| Human Mannequins | Generic human form with articulated joints | General figure drawing, painting, sculpture |
| Hand Mannequins | Focused model of a hand with fingers | Detailed hand anatomy drawing |
| Animal Mannequins | Models resembling animals like cats or horses | Animal artwork reference |
| Hybrid Models | Combine features of multiple types of mannequins | Versatile artistic needs |
Why Use a Wooden Art Mannequin?
Why would an artist choose to use a wooden art mannequin over, say, a live model or a photograph? Well, there are several compelling reasons.
Cost-Effective
Hiring a live model can be expensive, especially if you need them for extended periods. A wooden mannequin, on the other hand, is a one-time investment. They don’t need breaks and won’t complain if you leave them in a pose for hours (or days).
Reusability and Durability
These models are built to last. They’re made of hard, resilient wood that can withstand lots of posing without wearing out or breaking. Unlike a photograph, which depicts a single angle, a mannequin can be adjusted and repositioned endlessly.
Versatility
You can adjust a wooden mannequin into various poses, making it a versatile reference tool. Want to sketch someone in a dynamic action pose today and a serene seated position tomorrow? No problem. You don’t have to switch models or search for another photo reference.
Space Efficiency
If you’re an artist working in a cramped studio or apartment, a wooden mannequin is a godsend. Unlike a live model, they don’t need much space. A single shelf can hold your entire collection of mannequins.
Observation of Anatomy
While it’s true these figures don’t have the detailed, accurate musculature of more complex anatomical models (or real humans), they can still offer a general understanding of proportions, movement, and balance. They’re like a simplified version, helping artists to focus on the big picture without getting bogged down by minute details.
How to Choose the Right Wooden Art Mannequin
It’s not just about picking up the first wooden figure you see. Choosing the right mannequin requires some consideration. Let’s explore some factors that might help in making the best choice.
Size
Wooden mannequins come in various sizes, typically ranging from around six inches to two feet tall. The size you need depends on your typical working scale. If you generally work on larger canvases, a larger mannequin might be more suitable. For sketchbooks or smaller artworks, a smaller model might suffice.
Joint Articulation
Not all mannequins have the same level of joint articulation. Some might have limited joint movement, only allowing for basic poses. Others might come with advanced joint articulation, allowing for more dynamic and complex poses.
Material Quality
While most standard wooden mannequins are made of hardwood, there are also models made from other materials like plastic or metal. Different materials can affect the mannequin’s durability and ease of use. Hardwood models are typically the most popular because they offer a good balance between durability and aesthetic appeal.
Price Range
The price of a wooden mannequin can vary widely. Basic models might cost just a few dollars, while more detailed and well-crafted mannequins can run up to hundreds of dollars. It’s worth considering how often you’ll use it and what your budget is.
Table: Factors in Choosing a Wooden Art Mannequin
| Factor | Considerations |
|---|---|
| Size | Artwork scale, storage space |
| Joint Articulation | Basic vs. advanced poses, dynamic positioning |
| Material Quality | Hardwood, plastic, metal—affects durability and usability |
| Price Range | Budget constraints, quality, how frequently you’ll use the mannequin |
How to Use a Wooden Art Mannequin
Alright, you’ve picked up your shiny new wooden art mannequin. Now what? Here are some steps to effectively use your mannequin.
Initial Setup
First things first, get your mannequin out of the box and set it up in a well-lit area. You want to ensure it’s on a stable surface where you can easily access and adjust it. A sturdy table or workbench works well.
Posing the Mannequin
Start by adjusting the joints into simple poses. Spend some time just getting a feel for how the joints move. Try out a range of positions—standing, sitting, reaching. This initial experimentation will help you understand the movement limitations and make future posing easier.
Observation and Sketching
Select a pose and place your mannequin in a spot where it’s well-lit. Observe the mannequin from different angles and distance yourself to get a better perspective before starting your sketch. Take your time to sketch, focusing on capturing the proportion and basic forms. Remember, the goal here isn’t to create a masterpiece right away but to practice and improve your understanding of anatomy and proportion.
Refining the Details
Once you have your initial sketch, you can start refining the details. Depending on your needs, you might want to work on the contours, the light and shadows, or add more fine details like muscles or clothing.
Iterative Posing
Don’t stop at just one pose. Try out different poses, challenging yourself with more complex positions as you get more comfortable with using your mannequin. This will enhance your skills and make you more adept at capturing dynamic human forms.
Practical Tips and Tricks
After using wooden art mannequins for a while, I’ve gathered a few practical tips that could be useful for beginners and even seasoned artists.
Maintenance
Wooden mannequins might not demand high maintenance, but occasional care ensures longevity. Dust them off regularly and wipe them down with a damp cloth if needed. Avoid using harsh chemicals as they can damage the wood.
Stay True to Realism
Using a wooden mannequin is a learning tool, but it doesn’t have to restrict your creative flow. Don’t feel compelled to stick to realistic poses all the time. Experiment with exaggerated stances and see how it translates to your artwork.
Mix and Match
If you have multiple mannequins, don’t hesitate to use them together. Positioning two mannequins can help you capture interactions between figures, like a handshake or a dance.
Conclusion
So, what is a wooden art figure called? It’s called an artist’s mannequin, and it serves a significant role in the art world. From Renaissance studios to contemporary classrooms, these wooden figures help artists grasp proportions, poses, and anatomy without the need for a live model. While they might seem simple, the versatility, durability, and cost-effectiveness of these mannequins make them a staple in the artist’s toolkit.
Whether you’re a seasoned artist looking to refine your skills or a beginner just starting to explore the nuances of human anatomy, a wooden art mannequin can be an invaluable companion. So go ahead, give it a try, and let this humble wooden figure elevate your artistry to new heights.